Bees for Development
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Bees for Development |
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Bees and flowering plants have evolved during a period of 130 million years to become increasingly dependent upon one another. Today there are 20,000-30,000 species of bees of which around 16,000 have been scientifically described. Ancestors of honey bees emerged 40 million years ago, with a modern type of open nesting species appearing in south east Asia around 10 million years ago. Subsequently species that nested inside cavities appeared, eventually spreading throughout tropical and temperate Asia and into Europe. These European bees became isolated from the Asian species as desert developed in the Middle East, and evolved into the species that we know today as Apis mellifera, with an indigenous distribution stretching from the Arctic Circle to South Africa, and with eastern limits of the Ural Mountains in the north and the central deserts of Afghanistan in the south. The cavity-nesting bees in Asia evolved into Apis cerana and the several other cavity nesting species of Apis known today. The open nesting species gave rise to the several types of open nesting species existing today. Thus, Asia has a diversity of Apis species, while Europe and Africa have just one species. However, it is this single species, Apis mellifera, upon which the world's industrialised beekeeping sector is based.
List of Articles available on this topic (37):
Title | Author |
Adventures in Beekeeping - Ratanakiri, Cambodia | Peterson, S. |
Africanised honey bees in the Americas | Caron, D.M. |
An experience with Slovenian Beekeeping | Kingham, G. |
Atlas of the Bumblebees of the British Isles | IBRA |
Atlas of the Bumblebees of the British Isles | IBRA |
Beekeeping in Greenland | Hertz, O. |
Beekeeping in Inca country | Fert, G. |
Bees | Hodge, D. |
Bees and Beekeeping in Botswana | Clauss, B. |
Bees of the World | O\'Toole & Raw, A. |
Biogeography of the bees | Michener. C.D. |
Bumblebee Distribution Maps Scheme: A Guide to British Species: Entomologists Gazette Vol. 21 | Alford, D.V. |
Bumblebees | O\'Toole,C |
Caribbean Congress in Guyana | Roberts, A. & Stewart, L. |
Caucasian Honey Bee Workshop, 2006, Camili, Artvin, Turkey | Inci, A & Kandemir, I. |
Ecology and Natural History of Tropical Bees | Roubik, D.W. |
How to find wild bees/Como encontrar abelhas silvestres | Hertz, O. |
How to Transfer Bees from the Egyptian Mud-Hive to the Modern Frame Hive | Mellor, J.E.M. |
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DAS ABELHAS MELÍFERAS DE CABO VERDE | Pederson, B.V. |
Identification of Honeybees from Cape Verde | Pederson, B.V. |
Improved pollination of insect pollinated crops in Bhutan | |
Instructions on bee-keeping | Ghosh, C.C. |
Introduction to Beekeeping: Field Support Guide for Swaziland | Bechtel, P. & Gau, K. |
Keeping bees in their place: impacts of bees outside their native range | Goulson, D. |
Khabura Development Project: A Preliminary Bibliography on Bees and Honey in Arabia | Whitcombe, R. |
Management of Philippine Bees | Cervancia C.R: Fajardo A.C; Manila-Fajardo A.C; Lucero R.M. |
Nightmares of Nature, Killer Bees in the US and Honey Gatherers in Tanzania | Anonymous |
Notes on Apis dorsata and Tropilarlaps clarae in Burma | Maung Maung Nyein |
Other bees; the wool-carder bee | Robinson, M.A. |
Philippines: haven for bees | Cervancia, C.R. |
Recent Research - Apis mellifera Woyi-Gambella honey bees endemic to Ethiopia | Bezabeh, A. |
The bees of the world | Michener, C D |
The decline of honey bee diversity in Southwestern China | Liu, F.L., He, J.Z., Zhang, X.W. and Fu, W.J. |
The importation of bees - a reflexion | Richard Bache |
Tropical Beekeeping in Cambodia | Yoshikawa, K. and Ohgushi, R. |
USA surveys honey bee losses | Kaplan, K. |
Varroa jacobsoni and Apis cerana in the Solomon Islands | Hardie, P. & Cooper, K. |